2nd TERM

In this second term we'll deal with subjects such as medicine, health, genetics... All this are subjects which I have a very poor knowledge about even if are topics that concern me.
I think this term will be more interesting than the first one because I like more the topics we will work with, even if at the end I learnt things I didn't know and can be useful for my future.

Evolution stages of hominids

1.There are two main theories about the creation of humans we are going to talk about.

2.The first one is Adan & Eve's which is the religious one from the point of view of the Christians. This theory explains that god created the first human (Adan) and then from his rib he created Eve. They lived in heaven.

3.The other theory we would like to talk about is the scientific one. This explains that at the begining we all were bacterias and how we went evoluting until we reached what we are now.

4.So why have we evolved? In each generation, the structure of our DNA changes because we adapt to environment. For example, the monkey suffered some changes because of its moment's nature and then Australopithecus appeared.

5.Darwin's theory (the natural selection) explains that the strongest species survive, this means that the specie that adapts the best to its moment's environment is more likely to survive. 

We suffer genetic mutations, which are adantages, and these are inherited by our descendants. This is why we change or mutate.

6.The first Australopithecus appeared in Ethiopia. First they expanded all over Africa and then moved to Asia, Europe, Oceania and North and South America. Actually humans live all around the world.

7.Lucy was the first hominid that was found by us, humans. It was found in Ethiopia (Africa). It is an early female australopithecus, and it is about 3.2 million years old. We don't have her full skeleton kept, we have its %40. She was bipedal.

8.The main differences between the first hominids and us (humans) are...

We now:

  -have  a bigger brain

  -walk in an upright position

  -don't use hands to walk

  -have  a smaller jaw

9.Australopithecus Afarensis.

  They lived for 1 million years, and during that period they didn't suffer any changes or mutations. However, when that period ended they suffered a change, which made this type of hominid mutate and become another hominid. The Australopithecus changed because of the cold climate, which decrease their standard of living.

10.Homo Habilis.

This specie is known for their hability to make new things. They were the first human being making tools and they used wood, bones and rocks to made them. They are considered the last monkey of the human's evolution proccess, and all the following species are considered as humans.

11. The homo habilis was also the first human making and controling fire. This was a really important progress because the were able to cook the meat, so that they could avoid getting ill, and to protect themselves from wild animals. They used to make fire with two sticks or two rocks.

 hominid is well-known because it was the first hominid to walk in an upright position. It also improved the tools that the Homo Habilis used (their previous generation).

12.Homo Erectus.

  This hominid is well-known because it was the first hominid to walk in an upright position. It also improved the tools that the Homo Habilis used (their previous generation).

13.Homo Neanderthalensis.

  They lived in Europe 200,000 years ago. They were smaller than Homo Sapiens. They had large nasal cavities and skulls.

14.They lived in groups, in small villages. They built houses, which were usually made of bones, but they could also be built of wood. They buried their dead relatives.

15.They are famous because they were the first hominids that started to paint, inside of caves. They started to paint people, but later they changed the theme to animals they hunted, such as bisons.

16.They used caves as canvas, hands as paintbrushes and some materials (animals' blood, coal, animals' fat/grease...) as paint.

17. Homo Sapiens.

This specie is almost what we are now. The main change has been the increase on our brains size and capacity. They started to use their brain more than their ancestors, what made it adapt. 

18. Homo Sapiens Sapiens.

This is the actual specie. The difference between us and all the species who lived before is that our brain has an incredible capacity, and that we know how to use it. While we have developed, we have learnt new things and we have developed technology. 

19. Homo Lex.

Some people think we'll have bigger eyes and brain. The reason of the increase on our eye's size is not clear, but our brain will be bigger because as we will keep on using it, it's capacity will also increase.

20.The language is claimed to be the biggest problem in science. Scientists know that they communicated making weird sounds, but they don't know which hominid was the first one to creat an official language yet.